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The Spiral of Silence Redux

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Photo by Glynn Wilson
The people of Alabama were once a rebellious lot. Now they seem to be mostly sheep ready for the slaughter.
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Under the Microscope
by Glynn Wilson

Some writers like gloriously describing places they have been, like Willie Morris in New York Days or Hemingway in For Whom The Bell Tolls from Spain.

Mostly, I tend to be a critic, unless I am cowboying around in a van with a canoe on top exploring and successfully finding secret vistas in nature.

Many writers like glamorizing where they are from, and this is as true of New York writers as it is of those of us from the American South.

You cannot watch late night cable TV without running across legendary fables about New York, many of them adapted from books and with "Hell's Kitchen" in the title.

Mostly what you see about the South is either over dramatized for a gullible Southern audience, or overblown in their criticisms. I could cite numerous examples, but that would just be dropping names.

For any struggling writer, finding the right tone to reach the right audience is sometimes daunting, especially now with the Web Press taking up so much of peoples' time and attention - and other forms of publishing waning in importance.

That is not to say that some readers don't still like their newspapers, their magazines, their books.

With a newspaper, you can reach out to all kinds of tiny little constituencies and put together a fairly large audience, but you sacrifice any chance of total satisfaction for any audience.

Magazines can specialize and find those nitch audiences certain advertisers love. With books, well, you can publish it for a small audience or reach out to a large constituency.

After experimenting with online publishing for the past 11 years, it has become apparent that you can appeal to a diverse audience like a newspaper and specialized audiences like a magazine. You may never satisfy those who insist on sticking with the book, either those who buy and collect books or rely on a library.

If you are creative and continue to learn and push the envelope, you can have some success in gaining an audience and making some money using blogging software to publish on the Web.

But even there, or here I should say, you may run into interesting challenges. The biggest challenge we face, I think, is in trying to report and write for highly educated people in New York and even the West Coast, all while trying to keep things on a level for the good people of places like Arkansas and Alabama, where dog knows they could use some help to understand the world.

In one day this week, for example, I talked about stories I had written to a New York attorney who writes for one of the most legendary magazines in the history of publishing, and to someone I have known since before I was old enough to go to any school who has never left the neighborhood where he grew up for much more than a trip to the beach at Gulf Shores or to New Orleans for the Sugar Bowl.

How in the hell is a writer supposed to figure out how to communicate with them both in the same space?

Sometimes it ain't easy, but it seems to be working, judging by our traffic numbers (providing we can keep the damn computer server running. Obviously not many Republicans who remain loyal to President George W. Bush like us very much, and they are willing to spend their time trying to spam us out of business and discredit us in blog comments).

But there is an interesting lesson in all of this. If a writer is dedicated to shining the spotlight on a subject, perhaps an injustice, say, or a recurring issue in politics or science, like the line in the movie and the old saying goes, "build it and they will come."

Maybe it is like a vessel that is sometimes overflowing, and the best thing to do is to back off and dole it out in drips and drabs.

I tend to like my wine glasses filled to the top, however, so I'm sure some people get drunk before they can drink it all down. If you can't handle your liquor, I guess, maybe its best to sip, not guzzle.

So I apologize at this point to my readers who like the small drinks - the short stuff. I'm not in the mood tonight to give it to you fast and hard.

What I have on my mind is a theory I ran across in my last college days, a theory that came out of Nazi Germany and made its way into American political science and communications research.

Trust me, it has everything to do with the South, the case of Alabama's Don Siegelman and the future of democracy in the United States of America.

The theory in question is known as the "spiral of silence" theory, a term coined by German political scientist Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.

While some critics think the Wikipedia online encyclopedia explanation of this is oversimplified to the point of being misleading, it should at least give you a quick, basic rundown on what it's supposed to be about.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_of_silence

Now there is no way I'm ever going to get my redneck friends to read all of this, so let me give the quick summary and then go into more detail later.

The theory asserts that a person is less likely to voice an opinion on a topic if he or she feels it is a minority or unpopular opinion. It is a basic human instinct to feel fear of reprisal or isolation from the majority, unless you are a critic - like me : )

Perhaps that is the skeptical journalist in me, or maybe it comes from my Cherokee genes.

But I have found that it is true of most people. There are times when that can simply lead to a minor, local misunderstanding or unnecessary drama. And then there are times in history when it can result in major national and even global catastrophes.

Let's take the case of public opinion on George W. Bush.

If you look at the polls, 71 percent of Americans do not approve of the job he is doing, and that includes a lot of Republicans and independents as well as Democrats.

But you would be hard pressed to find one of Bush's voters in Alabama who has changed their minds one iota. Many of them have now tuned out political news, and can write off all the criticism by just relying on the old saw, "Well, all politicians lie."

This is a form of the spiral of silence, which according to the research, begins with fear of reprisal or isolation and escalates from there. Individuals use what is described as "an innate ability" or quasi-statistical sense to gauge public opinion.

And the media is critical to the process.

The media plays a large part in determining what the dominant opinion is at any given time, since the ability of people to directly observe events and actors in those events is extremely limited.

The media has such an enormous impact on how public opinion is portrayed, and can dramatically impact an individual's perception about where public opinion lies - whether or not that portrayal is factual or "fair and balanced."

For my academic readers, you can forget "agenda setting" and "framing" research. They both seem quaintly designed to minimize the impact of the media on public opinion for the purposes of mega-media owners.

Noelle-Neumann describes the spiral of silence as a changing process, in which predictions about public opinion become fact as the media's coverage of the majority opinion becomes the status quo and the minority becomes less likely to speak out. The theory is said to apply only to moral issues, though, not issues that can be proven right or wrong using facts.

But I am not so sure that is true.

This may come as something of a shock to people who live in New York and other diverse cities around the country or the world, but while the Civil Rights movement and the media coverage of it has largely removed public racism for the most part, it still lives deep down in the souls of those who are still largely isolated from exposure to different kinds of people and alternative media outlets.

Maybe racism is a moral issue, although it would seem there are enough scientific facts out there, as well as role models, to prove wrong the idea that one race of people are innately smarter than any other simply because of the color of their skin.

According to the Wikipedia analysis, it is claimed that perhaps clever politicians could use knowledge of this theory to keep civil order, although "attempts to employ it knowingly are essentially methods of manipulation and coercion."

The example it uses is the "don't ask, don't tell" policy on gays in the military, which allows gays to serve and is supposed to protect them, although it punishes them if they are exposed.

The compliant majority is a necessary factor for stability of society, in the case of the rule of law especially, and religion plays a role here. Those who are willing to proclaim a minority opinion are absolutely necessary in a democratic society especially, however, for the evolution of society to progress in a positive way.

While the spiral of silence theory is thought to be inspired by Nazi Germany, that was not the subject of the first research done to test the theory. For that, Ms. Noelle-Neumann turned to public attitudes about smoking.

But just for the sake of argument, let's take Nazi Germany in the 1930s and the United States today.

The German people sat by and allowed Adolph Hitler to come to power with his insane notion of world domination. And many of them did this quietly knowing that his crazy racist rants about a superior German people were stupid and wrong.

I think it is safe to conclude that the American people have done the same thing now under Bush. The mainstream media and some bloggers might call this a conspiracy theory, and say that Bush is not even on the same playing field or as bad a dictator as Hitler. And maybe if you live on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, or far from the action in San Francisco or even Birmingham, Alabama, it might appear to be a fantasy.

There are no gas chambers for Jews here, although there are those secret CIA prisons we can only assume are still engaged in torture.

Bush doesn't wave his arms around wildly when he talks and proclaim the ultimate superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race, although he does tend to say over and over again that "America is the greatest country in the world" with the most freedom. Experts on freedom and human rights will tell you if you listen that there is very little truth in that statement.

America is now largely a police state, unless you are among the super rich - and vote Republican.

While no one in the media has the guts to report this, it is obvious to those of us who keep up with these things that the Neocons who pull Bush's strings have just as evil a design for world domination as Hitler did. Only now they do their dirty scheming all dressed up with their nice little haircuts in corporate boardrooms, not SS uniforms, and they deliver all of our eulogies in the form of advertising for processed food products that are as guaranteed to kill us as the gas chamber - only it is a much slower death and hidden behind marketing slogans guaranteed to appeal to kids.

We are much smarter now in many ways than the people of Germany in the 1930s, and in some ways, we are even dumber.

At least down here in Alabamaland, there was a time when you could get people so mad that they would take up a musket and charge against the ramparts of power, even against overwhelming odds.

Now you can't get people to stop driving their SUVs long enough to protest the outrageous price of gas, much less to save the planet.

And into this vacuum steps a political genius like Karl Rove, who knows how to get his candidate, Bush, to whip up just enough fear of gay people and of foreign "terrorists" and "activist judges" to convince people to sit back and let this war in Iraq drag on and on, even though all the experts say the situation is untenable and is not going to get any better - no matter how much the White House likes to talk about "giving the surge a chance."

Al Gore can go all over the country talking about the need to do something about global warming and our dependence on oil from the Middle East. But in one statement from the Rose Garden, Bush can wipe that concern away by saying "there is no such thing" as global warming, and by one more press release from the Homeland Security Department saying al-Qaeda is still out there wanting to "kills us" because we are Americans.

All the science in the world can point to alternative facts about the world. But facts do no good when all people see on Fox News and their local Newhouse newspaper is that Bush says "What, me worry?"

Y'all just keep on shopping and let me worry about running the world, he says with a smirk and a chuckle.

And people spiral into silence and go about their blissfully ignorant, merry way.

Even Gore admits it takes a crisis to get people's attention and change their minds and their behavior. But what he may not realize is that is takes a "real" crisis, even bigger than 9/11 or Katrina.

I wish I could say it were not so, Joe, but I'm afraid it's true.

That will not stop me from voicing a minority opinion in Alabama, even though it may be a majority opinion nationwide, since we are close to getting a majority of people onboard with the idea that Bush should be impeached for his high crimes and misdemeanors and removed from office.

Perhaps if we just keep pouring the wine into the vessel, in dribs and drabs and entire carafes full at a time, enough people will finally drink. And then we can get on with eating, living and being merry. We could get on with pursuing real happiness instead of simply acquiescing to a mediocre acceptance of something far less.

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Comments

Glynn, are you sure its not Koolaid you're drinking instead of wine? If your depiction of this theory of the "spiral of silence" were true, it is the Bush supporters who are being shut out. For example, you quote poll numbers with respect to the war in Iraq at 70+% against. Those in support of fighting the terrorist on their home front are the ones being shut out. Just look at how the entire war is being portrayed, not covered, by ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN, MSNBC, et al. Its as one-sided as I've ever seen. And you claim that the opposition news outlet, Fox News, is in lockstep with the Bush administration. Not so, my friend. I see a majority of news outlets shutting everyone else out.

But I respect your opinion, Glynn. Everyone should be able to express theirs when they want to. That, however, is where we differ from the Nazis in which you so expressly linked our current government. I can recognize hyperbole when I see it, but you are way over the top on this. If you want true comparisons, if this country were even remotely similar to Nazi Germany, you wouldn't have this blog.

Face it Glynn, this country has more freedoms than anyone else in the "world". Just because your guys aren't in the White House doesn't mean that we don't have the most freedoms of anyone, anywhere.

Hyperbole, what a powerful thing.

Thanks for proving my point, warbird. The ignorance is so widespread you think you are being discriminated against.

Read a book now and then, will you? And stop watching so much Fox News. Try Public Television, maybe Bill Moyers?

Oh, but you can't do that, because he might be a "liberal." And you might go to hell.

It's time for coffee now. I'll post a link in a few minutes that shows the U.S. WAY down the list of countries on the personal freedom scale, and dropping like a stone since Bush took office.

You have drunk the Rove Koolaid, it looks like, and it has you so drunk you can't even tell the difference between hyperbole and informed argument.

Is that what Karl teaches y'all on his campaign bus? Just accuse all the liberals of hyberbole and all the other dumbasses will think you are smart?

If you want some facts on this, poke around over at FreedomHouse.Org and you will see the U.S. is far down the rankings of personal freedoms.

Canada, Costa Rica, Sweden, New Zealand, these are countries where people are really free.

Just because I am able to publish this blog today doesn't mean that will be true tomorrow. And just because we have more choices on drug stores shelves for cold medicine doesn't mean we are really free.

I am glad you respect my opinion, since this is, afterall, my printing press. Now why don't you say something that would give me some reason to respect yours?

All Don Siegelman did was run for office against Bob Riley - as a Democrat - and try to educate kids with lottery money. He was such a threat they had to investigate, indict, convict and jail him as a political prisoner.

You call that freedom?

Thank You, Glynn!

You told him!

The present form of government needs to definitely clean around their own records and closets!

Don, like you said was a DEMOCRAT and he got investigated, indicted and convicted for NO REASON WHATSOEVER, OTHER THAN A POLITICIAL VENDETTA!

Like you said, Glynn. Don was a politicial threat to them!

We Americans need to wake up!

STOP letting our country be run by a select few, who think that we can have a dictatorship from Washington.

STOP things like this that happened to SIEGELMAN and SCRUSHY from occuring again.

Don and Richard need to be OUT and we need to stand behind them, NOW!!!

Great article. I still want to donate to your effort, but can't find that donation site any longer.

I saw in 'Borat' a bumper sticker out of Texas with a Confederate flag and "Secede Now" on it. With the dumb, spineless Dems, and the corrupt, arrogant, lying Pubs in charge of our federal government, I'm ready, as a good Alabamian should be.

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